Azoospermia Management

Azoospermia:

Azoospermia is a medical condition characterized by the absence of sperm in the semen. It can be classified into two types:

01

obstructive azoospermia:

where sperm production is normal but the flow is blocked

02

non-obstructive azoospermia:

where there is a problem with sperm
production.

Non-obstructive Azoospermia:

Treatment options depend on the cause and may include hormonal therapy, medications to improve sperm production, microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (TESE), or assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using surgically retrieved sperm.

Secondary Testicular Failure

Secondary testicular failure (secondary hypogonadism) refers to a condition where dysfunction in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland results in decreased production of testosterone and sperm by the testes.

Primary Testicular Failure

Currently, there is a lack of consensus on the use of FSH or LH substitute for the treatment of NOA, and since the majority of men with testicular failure have elevated FSH greater than 8.4 IU/liter, the rationale to administer more gonadotropins is not completely justified.